An Emergency Action Plan (EAP) might sound complex, but at its core, it's about one crucial goal: keeping your workplace and employees safe during emergencies. 

Whether it's a fire, natural disaster, or unexpected workplace crisis, an effective EAP helps minimize risks, protect lives, and ensure your business can bounce back quickly. 

In this guide, we’ll break down what an EAP is, why every business needs one, and the steps to creating a successful employee emergency action plan.

Creating an EAP should not only tick all the regulatory boxes but also genuinely protect your most valuable asset - your people.

Pro Tip: Regular safety audits are important for keeping your EAP relevant and effective. They help uncover gaps and ensure compliance with up-to-date safety regulations. For more on conducting safety audits, check out our Safety Audits & Inspections Guide.

What is an Emergency Action Plan? 

At its simplest, an Emergency Action Plan outlines the actions that should be taken by employees during workplace emergencies. It covers everything from how to evacuate, who to contact, and how to report incidents. 

The goal is clear: save lives, reduce injuries, and limit property damage.

Main Elements of an Emergency Action Plan

1. Evacuation Procedures: Clear common emergency exits, maps, and assembly points.
2. Alarm and Notification Systems: Methods to alert employees during an emergency.
3. Roles and Responsibilities: Identifying individuals responsible for coordinating evacuations and proper emergency responses.
4. Emergency Contacts: Contact information for first responders and staff for emergency situations.
5. First Aid and Medical Assistance: Locations of medical kits and personnel trained in first aid.
6. Incident Reporting: Methods for reporting and documenting incidents.
7. Training and Drills: Regular exercises to ensure employees understand their roles during potential emergencies.

Why Every Business Needs an Emergency Action Plan

Emergencies are unpredictable and can strike at any time, but an emergency action plan ensures that when they occur, you're prepared. This helps save lives, reduce downtime, and also maintain business continuity.

Regulatory Compliance

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates that most businesses must have a written emergency action plan (29 CFR 1910.38). Not having one can lead to severe penalties.

According to a report from OSHA, companies like Dollar General have been fined more than $15 million since 2017 due to safety violations. 

Employee Safety

Emergency at work, such as fires and medical emergencies, are unpredictable. In 2020, private industry employers reported 2.7 million nonfatal workplace injuries, a decrease from 2.8 million the previous year. While this drop was huge, the healthcare and social assistance sectors experienced an increase in injury cases.

In high-risk industries or during long shifts, fatigue can really take a toll on both safety and performance. A solid fatigue management program can help reduce these risks, keeping employees alert and ready to tackle their tasks safely. 

Business Continuity

According to a study by the Institute for Business and Home Safety (IBHS), around 40% of businesses that close due to a disaster never reopen. Furthermore, the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) reports that 90% of smaller companies fail within a year unless they can resume operations within five days of a disaster. 

These statistics show the importance of having an effective Emergency Action Plan (EAP) to ensure swift recovery and reduce financial losses.

Did You Know? Many insurers offer lower premiums to businesses with solid emergency plans in place. This is an easy way to reduce costs while protecting your workforce.

Steps to Creating a Comprehensive Emergency Action Plan

1. Assess Workplace Risks

Start by identifying the specific hazards your workplace faces, from natural disasters to medical emergencies. For instance, if your business is located in a flood-prone area, flood protocols should be a priority in your EAP.

2. Define Emergency Procedures

Create clear, actionable steps for response to emergencies. For example, how should employees report an emergency? Where should they evacuate? 

Make sure that emergency routes are visible and employees are aware of them. 

Accurate and timely incident reporting is an important part of an emergency action plan. It helps track what went wrong and how the response was handled, providing insights for improvement. 

3. Assign Roles and Responsibilities

Every EAP should clearly state who is responsible for what during an emergency. Identify every individual in charge, such as:

• Evacuation Coordinators: Ensure everyone evacuates the building.
• First Aid Officers: Provide immediate medical assistance to injured employees.
• Communication Officers: Relay information to first responders and employees.

4. Develop Communication Plans

Make sure you have reliable ways to notify everyone during an emergency, whether through employee alarms, text messages, or an intercom system. Communication plans should also outline the process for contacting local authorities or first responders.

5. Train Employees

Emergency Action Plan training is important to make an emergency action plan successful. OSHA recommends regular training sessions so that employees understand evacuation procedures, reporting mechanisms, and their specific roles. Drills should be held at least annually to keep everyone prepared. 

To make sure that your emergency action plan is effective, it is important to conduct regular audits. These audits help identify any gaps in safety protocols and ensure compliance with current regulations. 

6. Conduct Regular Drills

Regular emergency drills are important to ensure your employees know exactly what to do in a crisis. By practicing evacuation routes, emergency procedures, and communication protocols, drills build confidence and improve response times. Conducting unannounced drills can also help assess readiness in real-life scenarios. 

7. Review and Update the Plan

Keep your EAP updated by reviewing it regularly. After any drill or real emergency, conduct a review of how effective the plan was and make updates as needed. 

If you want to keep things running smoothly during an emergency and cut down on risks, SafetyIQ’s Journey Management System can be super helpful. It makes sure employees can travel safely, plus it keeps real-time communication open with first responders—something that’s important when you're dealing with a disaster and trying to recover fast.

Examples of Successful Emergency Action Plans

1. Valero Energy Corp. 

In 2007, Valero experienced an explosion at its oil refinery.  Even though it faced safety violations following an OSHA investigation as part of the National Emphasis Program for petroleum refineries, thanks to a well-implemented emergency action plan that included timely evacuation and medical response procedures, there were minimal injuries, and no fatalities were reported. 

2. JBS Swift & Company 

In 2014, JBS Swift & Company effectively executed their emergency action plan (EAP) during an ammonia leak at their meat processing plant in Colorado. When a breach occurred in a gas pipe, triggering the ammonia detection system, the company immediately evacuated over 60 workers. The swift response and evacuation helped minimize exposure, and while more than 60 individuals were sent to the hospital for observation, most were released soon after, with only minor injuries reported. 

3. Chevron Refinery

In August 2012, the Chevron Refinery in Richmond, California, experienced a major fire caused by the rupture of corroded piping in the crude oil processing unit. The fire endangered 19 workers and resulted in over 15,000 nearby residents seeking medical attention due to exposure to toxic smoke. Chevron's emergency action plan, which included evacuation of personnel and communication with local authorities, was put into effect immediately. Contra Costa County issued a shelter-in-place order for residents while emergency services controlled the situation.

Key Takeaways

Creating an effective Emergency Action Plan (EAP) isn’t just a box to tick—it’s an important step in keeping your workplace safe and prepared for the unexpected. From clear evacuation routes to proper communication channels, a well-thought-out plan can save lives and protect your business from severe losses. Regular training and drills ensure that everyone knows what to do when it matters most.
Ready to protect your workplace? Start building your Emergency Action Plan today. SafetyIQ is here to support you till the end!

Frequently Asked Questions about Emergency Action Plans